20 Basic Python Programs for Beginners with Examples

Are you learning Python for the first time? Practising small programs is one of the easiest ways to understand programming basics. In this guide, we will learn 20 basic Python programs for beginners using simple formulas, variables, user input, and arithmetic operators.

These examples are designed for students who are just starting Python. We will use only basic concepts such as print(), input(), variables, int(), float(), and mathematical operators. No if-else statements, loops, user-defined functions, NumPy, or advanced libraries are used.

Basic Python Concepts Used in These Programs

• print(): Displays output on the screen.
• input(): Accepts information from the user as text.
• Variables: Store or refer to values.
• int(): Converts suitable input into a whole number.
• float(): Converts suitable input into a decimal number.
• +, -, *, /: Perform mathematical calculations.
• **: Calculates a power, such as the square of a number.

1. Python Program to Add Two Numbers

Formula: Sum = First Number + Second Number

a = 10
b = 20
sum = a + b
print("Sum =", sum)

Output:

Sum = 30

2. Python Program to Subtract Two Numbers

Formula: Difference = First Number - Second Number

a = 50
b = 20
difference = a - b
print("Difference =", difference)

Output:

Difference = 30

3. Python Program to Multiply Two Numbers

Formula: Product = First Number × Second Number

a = 8
b = 5
product = a * b
print("Product =", product)

Output:

Product = 40

4. Python Program to Divide Two Numbers

Formula: Quotient = Dividend ÷ Divisor

a = 20
b = 4
quotient = a / b
print("Quotient =", quotient)

Output:

Quotient = 5.0

5. Python Program to Find the Square of a Number

Formula: Square = Number × Number

number = 6
square = number ** 2
print("Square =", square)

Output:

Square = 36

6. Python Program to Find the Cube of a Number

Formula: Cube = Number × Number × Number

number = 3
cube = number ** 3
print("Cube =", cube)

Output:

Cube = 27

7. Python Program to Calculate the Average of Three Numbers

Formula: Average = (Number 1 + Number 2 + Number 3) ÷ 3

a = 70
b = 80
c = 90
average = (a + b + c) / 3
print("Average =", average)

Output:

Average = 80.0

8. Python Program to Calculate the Percentage

Formula: Percentage = (Obtained Marks ÷ Total Marks) × 100

obtained_marks = 420
total_marks = 500
percentage = (obtained_marks / total_marks) * 100
print("Percentage =", percentage, "%")

Output:

Percentage = 84.0 %

9. Python Program to Calculate the Area of a Rectangle

Formula: Area = Length × Breadth

length = 10
breadth = 5
area = length * breadth
print("Area of Rectangle =", area)

Output:

Area of Rectangle = 50

10. Python Program to Calculate the Perimeter of a Rectangle

Formula: Perimeter = 2 × (Length + Breadth)

length = 10
breadth = 5
perimeter = 2 * (length + breadth)
print("Perimeter of Rectangle =", perimeter)

Output:

Perimeter of Rectangle = 30

11. Python Program to Calculate the Area of a Square

Formula: Area = Side × Side

side = 6
area = side ** 2
print("Area of Square =", area)

Output:

Area of Square = 36

12. Python Program to Calculate the Perimeter of a Square

Formula: Perimeter = 4 × Side

side = 6
perimeter = 4 * side
print("Perimeter of Square =", perimeter)

Output:

Perimeter of Square = 24

13. Python Program to Calculate the Area of a Triangle

Formula: Area = 1/2 × Base × Height

base = 10
height = 8
area = 0.5 * base * height
print("Area of Triangle =", area)

Output:

Area of Triangle = 40.0

14. Python Program to Calculate Simple Interest

Formula: Simple Interest = (Principal × Rate × Time) ÷ 100

principal = 10000
rate = 5
time = 2
interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100
print("Simple Interest =", interest)

Output:

Simple Interest = 1000.0

15. Python Program to Convert Celsius into Fahrenheit

Formula: Fahrenheit = (Celsius × 9/5) + 32

celsius = 25
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9 / 5) + 32
print("Temperature in Fahrenheit =", fahrenheit)

Output:

Temperature in Fahrenheit = 77.0

16. Python Program to Convert Kilometres into Metres

Formula: Metres = Kilometres × 1000

kilometres = 5
metres = kilometres * 1000
print("Metres =", metres)

Output:

Metres = 5000

17. Python Program to Calculate the Total Price

Formula: Total Price = Price per Item × Quantity

price = 150
quantity = 4
total_price = price * quantity
print("Total Price =", total_price)

Output:

Total Price = 600

18. Python Program to Calculate Discount Amount

Formula: Discount = (Original Price × Discount Rate) ÷ 100

price = 2000
discount_rate = 10
discount = (price * discount_rate) / 100
print("Discount Amount =", discount)

Output:

Discount Amount = 200.0

19. Python Program to Calculate Final Price After Discount

Formula: Final Price = Original Price - Discount Amount

price = 2000
discount = 200
final_price = price - discount
print("Final Price =", final_price)

Output:

Final Price = 1800

20. Python Program to Calculate Monthly Salary

Formula: Monthly Salary = Basic Salary + Allowances

basic_salary = 20000
allowances = 5000
monthly_salary = basic_salary + allowances
print("Monthly Salary =", monthly_salary)

Output:

Monthly Salary = 25000

How to Practise These Basic Python Programs

1. Read the formula before writing the code.
2. Understand the purpose of each variable.
3. Run the program and check the output.
4. Change the input values and observe the new result.
5. Once comfortable, replace fixed values with user input using input() and type conversion.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Are these Python programs suitable for beginners?

Yes. These programs use basic variables, arithmetic operators, and output statements, making them suitable for students starting Python.

2. Do these programs use loops or if-else statements?

No. These 20 examples use direct formula-based calculations without if-else statements, loops, or user-defined functions.

3. Can I practise these programs without advanced Python knowledge?

Yes. Basic knowledge of variables, mathematical operators, and the print statement is sufficient to understand these examples.

4. How can I make these programs interactive?

You can replace fixed numeric values with user input using input() and convert the entered values using int() or float().

Conclusion

These 20 basic Python programs provide a simple introduction to formula-based programming. By practising addition, subtraction, averages, percentages, areas, interest, conversions, and everyday calculations, beginners can develop confidence in writing Python code.

Start with these examples, understand each formula, and practise by changing the values. A strong understanding of programming fundamentals will make it easier to learn more advanced Python concepts later.

Learn Computer Programming with KAiSH Computer Institute, Lucknow

Explore practical computer and technology training at KAiSH Computer Institute.

Where Futures Are Coded.